The Necessity of Being Offensive
Why the most effective political movements rely on zealotry, not politeness
In 1706, Mary Astell returned a sermon to a prominent bishop with a list of corrections so blunt it left him shaken. He did not argue with her logic; he simply complained that she lacked 'decent manner'. This is a recurring pattern in history. When people lack the social capital to command a room, they often use their voices with a sharpness that the establishment labels as 'unreasonable' or 'zealous'. This label is a convenient way to avoid the actual argument. If you can dismiss a person as being too angry, you never have to address whether they are right.
The Weaponisation of Civility
Edmund Burke, the architect of modern conservatism, championed a version of politics based on 'concord'—a polite, well-chosen friendship between like-minded men. To Burke, partisanship should be a harmonious agreement. This sounds sensible, but it creates a barrier to entry. If politics is a gentleman's club where everyone agrees nine times out of ten, then the person who disagrees vehemently is not a participant; they are a disruption. This was the charge against Catharine Macaulay, who was dismissed as a 'republican Virago' rather than being engaged with as a political theorist. The demand for politeness is often a demand for silence.
The label of 'zealot' is often a tactic used to avoid the burden of engaging with difficult arguments.
What is striking is that these women, Astell and Macaulay, came from opposite ends of the political spectrum. One was a Tory defender of the Church, the other a radical republican. Their shared experience of being branded 'impolite' did not stem from their specific ideologies, but from their shared position on the margins. Because they could not vote or hold office, their only tool was the written word, and they used it with a force that the polite establishment found terrifying. They understood that to change a system that ignores you, you cannot simply ask for a seat at the table; you must shake the table itself.
- Deflects attention from the substance of a critique
- Sets a high barrier of entry for marginalised groups
- Frames dissent as a character flaw rather than a valid position
- Prioritises social harmony over justice
We see this today in digital discourse. When a movement gains traction, the critique often shifts from the policy to the 'tone' of the protesters. This is a strategic move. By focusing on the anger, the establishment avoids the grievance. True political progress often requires a level of friction that 'reasonable' people find uncomfortable. To demand that the marginalised be polite is to demand that they wait for permission to exist.
Civility is often a tool used by those in power to maintain the status quo by silencing dissent.